COST Action P7

X-ray and neutron optics


Objectives and benefits

The main objective of the Action is to increase the knowledge in the field of X-Ray and Neutron interactions with solid surfaces and interfaces, and to develop fabrication and characterization methods for advanced innovative optical elements for applications in this extreme short wavelength range.

In particular, the following goals will be addressed :

  1. Increase the knowledge in the field of X-ray and Neutron Optics, which is necessary to develop new type of optical elements adapted to this energy range, as well as to improve the efficiency and versatility of those optics

  2. Extend the field of applications of very short wavelength optical elements on current x-ray and neutron sources but also to test new fields now foreseen due to better characteristics of the more recent and of the planned new sources.

  3. Reinforce the interactions and the cooperation between the different national groups of designers and users of x-ray and neutron optics.

The quite broad and flexible program, with its interdisciplinary approach, will offer to each participant the potentiality to contribute to other projects and to keep access to the whole technological advances without compromising with its own local development.

The proposed Action can be described by the following key-words :

* radiography
* tomography
* x-ray microscopy
* micro-diffraction
* trace analysis
* ultra-smooth surfaces
* ultra-thin layer deposition
* high-aspect-ratio and high-density microstructures
* x-ray astronomy
* synchrotron radiation
* neutron beam lines.

From this the following goals can be deduced :

* Control of high-quality surfaces for the production of ultra-smooth substrates able to be coated with atomic layers of different materials with low nucleation rate.
* Understanding of polishing methods by mechanical, chemical and ion-assisted milling.
* Understanding of correlation between material characteristics and ability to produce smooth high quality surfaces and interfaces able to sustain the high power radiation emitted by new sources.
* Development, testing and comparison of techniques able to measure roughness, at the atomic scale, of surfaces and of embedded interfaces.
* Development of methods to control and correct high precision mirror surface curvatures under the high fluxes emited by the new sources.
* Improvement of lithographic and pattern transfer methods to build high aspect ratio structures at 0.1 micron scale on thin homogeneous and multilayered metallic films.

Benefits of the approach :

The proposed research Action will develop more precise mathematical methods and testing tools to improve the basic understanding of the application-oriented use.
The benefits of this COST Action for research institutions and industry are the following:

* Improvement of communication at the European scale between research institutions and with the industry.
* Better understanding and control of the produced optics by defining a common technical language and methods to evaluate the produced surfaces and the high-density patterned structures.
* Providing a forum in order to organise joint research projects, avoid duplication of efforts and compare optical elements specific to x-ray and neutron focusing produced by different sources.
* Development of specific patterning methods adapted to high-aspect-ratio binary x-ray and neutron optics from existing technologies developed for the visible integrated optics and microelectronics.


On the whole, the expected results are that the efficiency of research in the fields of x-ray and neutrons optics will be improved by avoiding duplication of trials and tests for the same kind of applications, by providing a way to circulate information and cooperative research on subjects selected for their potentiality. It also will allow European laboratories involved in this field to compete more effectively with well structured research groups in the USA and Japan which are the two main countries also active in this field.

Such a COST action will also benefit the European industries in the development of very high precision optical systems coupling high quality surfaces and integrated optics at the sub-micron scale.